Engine-starting apparatus.



J. BIIUR.

ENGINE STARTING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY I. 1913. 1,283,961. I Patented July 17, 1917.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

INVENTOR' BY A ATTORNEYS I. BIJUR.

ENGINE STARTING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED IULY I, I9l3. 1,233,961. Patented July 17, 1917.

2 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

WITNESSES: E g E INVENTOR :30 tails of the system.

' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH BI UR, 01* NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR T BIJU'B MOTOR LIGHTING co'nrANY;

OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

' ENGINE-STARTING APPARATUS.

Original application filed March 13, 1912, Serial No.

Specification of Letters Patent. 4 Patentd July 17, 1917.

683,426. Divided and this" application filed my 1 1913. Serial No. 776,754.

To all whom z't may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH BLTU a citi-v zentof the United States, residing at New 'York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Engine-Starting Apparatus, of which the following is a '15 cut, the present application is a division.

One of the objects of the invention herein claimed is to provide a simple and reliable electrical system and apparatus adapt ed to control the starting of a source of power, as an automobile engine.

Another object is to provide a practical and efiicient starting device embodying a generator adapted to prevent the premature or improper performance of certain steps in the cycle of operations of the system.

Another object is to provide apparatus'of the above type which may be readily applied. to existing installations, and safely operated by persons wholly unfamiliar with'thei de- Other objects will be in part obvious and in part pointed out hereinafter. a

The invention accordingly'consists in the features of construction, combinations of elements and arrangement of parts which will be exemplified in the construction hereinafter set forth, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the following claims. v

In the accompanying'drawings, in which are shown one or more of various possible embodiments ofthe several features of the. invention, r V

Figure 1 illustrates diagrammatically an electrical starting system comprising a frictional drive between the'starting motor and the engine; I

Fig. 2 is a detail view of a magnetlcallv controlled braking device;

Fig. 3 is a sectlonal elevation'of a resistance-varying and circuit-completing device;

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic plan of another form of starting apparatus having various i I features in common with the system illustrated in Fig. I?

' Fig. 5 is a detail view of a magnetically controlled brake Fig.- 6 is a diagrammatic plan of another form of starting apparatus;

Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation of a mag netically-controlled resistance-varying and circuit-completing"device; and q Fig. 8 isa detail view of a magnetic brake.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

In the above-mentioned application of 'which the present case is a division, there are'set forth and claimed one or more embodiments of an invention relating to engine starting apparatus, comprising a source of power such as an electric motor 1 adapted to engage positively and set in rotation at predetermined times a fly-wheel 2 or other member in driving connection with the engine 3. The engine may be of any typeincapable of starting itself, such as an internal combustion engine mounted on an automobile. In the embodiment illustrated in Figs.

1 and 6, the driving engagement between the motor 1 and the engine 3 'is effected by the frictional contact of the cone-shaped members 4 and 5 with the preferably crowned periphery of the engine fly-wheel 2; while in the construction set forth in Fig. 4, the motor is connected with and disconnected from the engine by the meshing and unmeshing of the teeth of the pinion 6 and gear 7. These three embodiments have in common -theaxial movement of one or more motordriven members into and out of engagement with the engine fly-wheel, as well as the cooperation of an engine-driven generator and a storage battery with the other elements of the starting device;

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 1, there is shown at 3 the engine above men tioned, comprising a crank-shaft 8 on which is mounted the fiy-w'heel 2, slightly crowned, as illustrated at 9.

' Driven from the engine shaft 8 as by the gears 10 and countershaft 11 is an electric generator 12 provided with a shunt field 13 and'an automatic switch 14 illustrated more or le$ conventionally as comprising a current coil 15 and a voltage coil 16 (Fig. 1)

rent through the current coil and closed whenever the voltage coil is sufliciently energized. The generator 12 is illustrated for convenience as a shunt wound machine without a voltage or current regulator, it being understood, of course, that a suitable regulator is in practice provided, and that the present invention is applicable to any suitable type of generator, regulator and automatic switch. Connected with this generator are the mains 18, 19, one leading directly to the storage battery 20 and the other to the opposite pole of this battery through the automatic switch 14.

Mounted adjacent the member 2 in suitable bearings 21 is a shaft 22 having formed thereon right-hand and left-hand threads, as shown. Upon these threaded portions are respectively fitted the members 4, preferably formed of case-hardened steel in the general conical form shown and so shaped as, upon being forced toward one another by a suitable turning of the shaft 22, to grip therebetween and be wedged into contact with the outer surface 9 of member 2. This wedging action substantially precludes slipping and is attained by the inclination or pitch of the Coacting threads upon the inner surface of the members and the outer surface. of the shaft. The latter member is driven by gear 23 and pinion 24 from the motor 1 and this gearing, as well as the ratio of the efi'ective diameters of the conical members to the effective diameter of the member 2, are so proportioned that one revolution of the member 2 or crank-shaft of the engine will correspond to about thirty of the armature shaft 25. 7

It may here be noted that terms of the nature of gear are used throughout the following claims in a broad sense as comprehending any rotary device adapted to transmit power to another member, whether by frictional or toothed engagement therewith.

Coacting with the members 4 and 5 is a swinging member 26 provided with a pair of arms 27 and 28 normally urged by aspring 29 against the outer surfaces of the cones, which are'preferably flattened as indicated at 30, 31. Swinging member 26 is secured to the pin 32 journaled in the frame of the electro-magnet 33, and the armature 34 of this magnet is also fast upon this pin and hence controls the position of member 26, the attraction of the magnetacting in opposition to the force of spring 29.

The solenoid 33 is connected across the mains 18 and 19 at a point on the generator side of the main switch 14 and is wound as a voltage coil. It will thus be seen that upon the engine being started the generator will immediately build up, thus enabling magnet 33 to attract its armature 34 and swing member 26 away from the threaded members 4 and 5.

Connected across the battery 20 is a voltage solenoid 35, the circuit of which is controlled by a swinging contact 36, conveniently positioned as upon the steering post of an automobile. This member is locked in normal open-circuit position by a swinging segment 37, controlled by the spark lever 38 in such manner that the latter must be swung to spark-retarding position before the circuit can be completed at 36. It'may also be noted that as the spark is advanced subsequent to the starting of the engine, this segment automatically throws lever 36 into open-circuit position. The circuit, comprising solenoid 35, is preferably automatically broken at another point. as by the serial connection in this solenoid circuit of a pair of coacting contacts 39 and 40, the latter being mounted upon the swinging member 26 and insulated therefrom,. and

the former being fixed in such position as to contact therewith when the member is swung upwardly by spring 29. It will thus be seen that as the generator is started the controlling circuit is automatically broken at this point by the attraction of the armature 34.

Motor 1 is provided with a series field winding 41 and a shunt field winding 42 and the circuit from the former leads to a fixed insulated plate 43, best shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings. This plate is mounted upon thocasing of the solenoid 35, which is provided with a core or armature 44 so shaped as to form a magnet of theso-called ironclad type. Threaded upon the upper end of this magnet is a cap 45, which coacts with a piston 46 secured to the core to form a dash-pot, the inlet of air being permitted by a passage 47 controlled by a. ball valve 48. The lower end of core 44 is secured to a movable pressure-plate 49, between which and the plate 43 isa pressure-controlled variable resistance medium 50, preferably comprising a set of carbon disks. These plates are insulated from their support but are provided with the pairs of contacts 51, adapted after complete compression of the medium 50 to form a shunt about the same and. eliminate its ultimate resistance.

Secured to the plate 43 and insulated therefrom is a contact 52 adapted to coact with a contact 53 mounted upon and connected with the plate 49, and these contacts are positioned closely adjacent one another so that even a slight movement of core 44 from its completely depressed position will close the circuit at this point, further movement of the core being permitted by the spring formation of the arm 54 on which the contact 52 is mounted.

From contact 52 a conductor 55 leads to leads from the other side of the battery to the terminal of the motor at which the shunt coil 41 is connected, the remaining connection of the solenoid 33. Solenoid 35 will immediately attract core 44 and at the start of its movement will bring contacts 52 and 53 into engagement, thus leading current through the motor from the battery in series with the resistance medium '50, which is substantially at its full value. The core 44 in' continuing its movement adually compresses this resistance and ally shunts it altogether, this action being cushioned by the dash-pot arrangement above described. The motor will be started as soon as contacts .52 and 53' are brought into enga 'ement and will drive the shaft 22 in such 'rection as to force the members 4 and 5 toward one another, the latter being frictionally held a ainst rotation by the pressure of the arms 2 and 28. Just as the cylindrical portions 30, 31 pass from these arms the conical members are in full engagement with the then stationary member 2 and the reaction of the latter-wedges the parts securely into engagementa At this stage themembers 4 and 5,

which can travel no farther upon their threads, turn with the shaft 22 and the various parts are so proportioned and timed that just at this point the resistance medium 50 is shunted and the motor exerts full power. Through the speed-reducing gear.-

ing abovedescribedthe fiy-wheel 2 is immediately rotated and the engine started, and

by its action in driving the members 4 and 5, they travel in a reverse direction on their threads and move out of operative position toward that indicated in full lines in Fig. 1

of the drawings. The starting of theengine causes generator 12 to energize solenoid 33 and withdraw the swinging arms 27 and 28 from operative position as well as break the circuit of solenoid 35, unless the latter has already been brokenby the advancing of the spark-levler, as above described. As solenoid 35 is deenergized the weight of the parts immediately cuts in resistance 50 and then breaks the circuit of the, motor at contacts 52 and 53. If the parts still tend to spin by their inertia, the cones 4 and 5 are not again thrown toward the wheel 2, as, the arms 27 and 28 being withdrawn, they turn freely with shaft 22. In this manner any' hunting action or tendency of the conical members to move back and forth into and out of operative position after the engine is started is entirely avoided. I

In Fig. 4 of the drawings is shown a different embodiment of certain features of this invention, and in this apparatus the engine 3 (not shown) drives, through the shaft 8, a member 2, which may serve as the fly-wheel and is provided with gear teeth 7. Mounted adjacent this member, in the bearings 21, is a shaft 22 having a portion 57 upon which is threaded a pinion 6. Secured to this pinion 6 are a collar 58 and a leather disk 59, these parts being adapted to travel as a unit uponthe member 22. There is also threaded upon the latter member a nut 60 tied to the collar prevent an undesirable spinning action.

The shaft 22 is .driven by gears 23 and 24 from a motor 1, as in the apparatus heretofore described. The connections and controlling mechanism of this motor are also substantially identical with the corresponding parts of the first described apparatus, but the circuit of solenoid 35 is closed in the first instance by a push-button 62 conveniently positioned, as on the steering-post of an automobile. This circuit, furthermore, leads through the spark-lever 38 and a coacting contact plate 36 in such manner that it is necessary that the spark be retarded by movement of the lever into full-line position before the solenoid 35 can be energized.

Resiliently urged against the outer surface of collar 58, by spring 29, is one arm 63 of a bell-crank lever, the remaining arm 34 of which forms an armature for the solenoid 33 connected across the mains 18 and 19 on the generator side of the main switch 14.

project into the path of the leather The action of the above apparatus is i closely similarto that first described, but

the following features of its operation should be noted: If it be desired to start the engine 3 (not shown), the spark is retarded and the circuit of solenoid 35 completed at 62, thus gradually starting the motor 1.

This action throws the member 6 inwardly,

as its rotation is retarded by the lever 34 63, and as the teeth come into mesh with the teeth 7 collar 58 passes out from under arm 63. Pinion 6 travels fully into mesh with the gear 7, being held by the latter against rotation until it has completed its travel and rests against a fixed collar 66 on the shaft 22. At this stage the resistance 50 in series with the motor 1 is shunted and the motor exerts its full power to turn over the engine and start the same. As the engine is started it drives generator 12 to energize magnet 33 and the freely turning member 6 travels upon shaft 22 out of engagement with member 2, the motor being shut off, due to the breaking of the solenoid circuit at contacts 39 and 40. If the shaft 22 is still spinning as the member 6 withdraws into the inoperative position shown, it will not throw the latter again into mesh as the member 6 will spin with the shaft, due to the continued retraction of lever arm 63 and the nice fitting of the threads brought about by the action of spring 61. The return of pinion 6 into mesh is further prevented by the action of the flange 65 engaging the disk 59, which engagement, with the engine running, would be of itself suflicient to cause member 6 to be so rotated as to again recede from member 2. It is to be understood, however, that this engagement between the disk- 59 and flange 65 is not sufficiently positive to prevent the parts passing into operative relation when the engine is started, as disk 59 will yield in passing the then stationary flange.

In Fig.6 of the drawings there is shown apparatus which also embodies certain features of this invention. In this case the engine and its fly-wheel, together with the parts immediately coacting with the latter, are substantially identical with the corresponding parts of the apparatus depicted in Fig. 1. The motor 1 is here connected through a conductor 67 and a contact member 36 to one side of the battery 20, which may be charged from the generator 12 driven as before from the engine. The remaining motor lead passes through the series field 41 and resistance medium 50 to the opposite battery terminal. Also connected across the battery is a circuit comprising a solenoid 35 and a magnet 33 in series one with another, this circuit-being formed in part by the conductor 67 and hence being dependent for its completion upon the contact member 36. Solenoid 35 controls resistance 50, and by means of the device shown in Fig. 7 of the drawings, which, in its mechanical elements, is substantially identical with that shown in Fig. 3

' already, the corresponding parts are accordingly correspondingly lettered and their action will be clear.

- The magnet 33 controls theposition of a bell-crank braking-lever 68, which is normally retracted by spring 69 and thrown into braking position against the cones 4 and 5"'as the magnet 33 is energized.

Considering the action of this apparatus in starting an engine, the circuit is closed by contact member 36 as already described. This action completes a circuit through the motor 1, the shunt field 42 being fully energized and the series field i1 being connected through the resistance 50. The closing of the circuit, moreover, energizes solenoid 35, which gradually compresses and ultimately shunts resistance 50, and the magnet is also energized with the closing of the circuit to'bring about abraking action on the cones 1 and 5 until they have passed into engagement with the member 2, as already described. When the engine is started, it, as previously set forth, tends to throw the cones out of operative relation, and as the spark is advanced by lever 38, the circuits of motor 1 and of solenoids 35 and 33 are broken, thus'permitting the cones to reach their outward limit of travel and prevent any tendency to. again drive them into engagement with member 2.

It will thus be seen that there is herein described apparatus in which the several features of this invention are embodied. and which apparatus in its action attains the various objects of the invention and is well suited to meet the requirements of practical use.

As many changes could be made in the above construction and many apparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended'that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an engine, a generator driven from said engine, a motor, means driven from said motor adapted to drive said engine, and means affected by current generated by said generator adapted to render inoperative said engine-driving means.

2. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an engine, a generator driven from said engine, engine-starting means, and means affected by current generated by said generator adapted to place said starting means out of operative relation to said engine.

3. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an engine. a member driven by said engine, a source of power, means comprising a member driven from said source of power adapted to move said member upon being so driven into operative relation to said first member and drive the same and upon being driven from said engine automatically to move out of operative relation to said first member, a generator driven from said engine, and means affected by 330 current generated by said generator adapted to prevent said second member rentering into operative relation to saidfirst' member after the engine is started" a 5 4; In'apparatus of'the class described, in

combination, an engine, a generator driven from said engine, a motor, a storage-battery" resistance, and means controlled by current,

from said circuit.

6. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an engine, a generator driven from said engine, a motor, a battery congenerator adapted to break said nected to be charged from said generator, a

resistance in series with said motor, means adapted to reduce said resistance and complete a shunt about the same, a solenoid connected withsaid battery adapted to actuate said last means, and means controlled by current from said generator adapted to break the circuit of said solenoid.

combination, an engine, a generator driven from said engine, a member driven from said engine, a second member, means adapted to move said second member into opera- 4 tive relation to said first member to drive the same and start said engine, and means af fected by current generated by said generator adapted to render inoperative said first means, said second member being formed and mounted to move out of operative relation to said first member as it is driven thereby upon said engine being started.

8. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, a storage battery, a rotatable member driven from said motor, a gear connected to said engine, a pinion mounted upon said rotatable member to travel longitudinally thereon as said member is roatecl into mesh with said gear upon said engine and automatically to travel out of mesh along said member as said engine is started, 'means adapted to connect said battery with said motor, and means rendered effective upon the starting of said engine adapted to prevent re-meshing of said pin on with said gear while said motor is mamtained runnlng after the engine has started.

9. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an engine, a member driven by upon being driven from said engine autO-A 7. In apparatus of the class described, in

engine, a source of power, means com-' PIlSlIlg a member driven from said source of power adapted to move said member upon being so driven intovoperative relation to said first member and drive the sameand matically to move out of operative relation to said first member, a generator driven from said engine, and means afi'ected by currentfrom said generator adapted to render inoperative said source of power.

'10. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engine, a battery, an electric motor, a generator driven from said engine adapted to charge said battery, a gear upon said engine, a gear driven from said motor, means adapted to connect said motor with said battery, means adapted to move said gears into and out of mesh, and means actuated by said generator adapted to prevent the throwing of said gears into mesh while said engine is running.

11. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engine, a battery, an electric motor, a. generator driven from said engine adapted to charge said battery, a gear upon said engine, a gear driven from said motor, means adapted to connect said motor with said battery, means adapted to coact with said motor and said engine to move said gears automatically into and out of mesh, an automatic switch controlling the connection of said generator with said battery, and means connected 00 with 'said generator between said generator and said automatic switch adapted to prevent said gears from being thrown into mesh while said engine is running.

' 12. In apparatus of the class described, in 105 combination, an engine, a member driven by said engine, a motor, a generator, a battei'y connected to be charged by said generator, a. rotatable member, a supporting member driven from said motor and having 110 saidrotatable member threaded thereon, said threaded member being positioned to move said rotatable members: into operative relation to said first member and start said engine upon being driven from said motor, r15 means tending to retard the rotary movement of said rotatable member upon said threaded member, and means controlled by current from said generator adapted to render inoperative said retarding means upon 120 said engine being started.

13. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an engine, a generator driven from said engine, a storage-battery connected to be charged from said generator, a mo- 125 tor adapted to derive current from said battery, a member driven from said engine, arotatable member, means driven fromsaid motor adapted to move said rotatable memr her into operative relation to said first mem- 130 ber and drive the same to start said engine, and means affected by current from said generator adapted to render inoperative said last means.

14:. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an engine, a generator driven therefrom, a storage-battery connected to be charged from said generator, a member driven from said engine, a rotatable member, means energized from said battery for mov ing said second member axially into driving engagement with said first member, for rotating said second member to rotate thereby said first member and said engine, and for effecting the disengagement of said members automatically when said engine has started.

15. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engine, a generator, power-transmitting means between said generator and said engine whereby said generator is driven from said engine, a storage battery connected to be charged from said generator, means adapted to make and break the connection between said generator and said battery, a gear driven from said engine, a pinion, an electric motor, a

' member driven from said motor upon which said pinion is mounted and adapted upon said motor being started to move said pinlon axlally into mesh witlr said gear, connections from said battery to said motor, and means adapted to make and break said connections.

16. In apparatus of the class described, in

combination, an engine, a generator driven therefrom, a storagebattery adapted to be charged from said generator, a motor adapted to derive current from said battery, a gear driven from said engine, a pinion, a threaded supporting member driven from said motor having said pinion threaded thereon, said threaded member being posi-. tioned to move said pinion into operative relation to said gear and start said engine upon being driven from said motor.

17. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an engine, a generator driven therefrom, a storage-battery adapted to be.

charged from said generator, means comprising a motor and gearing adapted to start said engine and to edect the disengagement of said gearing automatically when said engine has started, and means affected by current from said generator adapted to render inoperative said first means.

18. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engine, a driven gear connected with said engine, an electric motor, a driving gear adapted to be driven by said motor, and normally out of engagement with said driven gear, means adapted automatically upon said motor being started to connect said gears, a device adapted to start said motor with relatively 4 low torque and later to increase its torque,

and means adapted to retard the action of said device.

19. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engine,

an electric motor, a gear upon said englne,

a pinion normally offset from said gear in. an axial direction, means adapted automatically upon said motor being started to move said pinion axially into mesh with said gear by the act-ionof said motor, a device adapted to start said motor with relatively low torque and later to increase its torque, and resilient means adapted to retard the action of said device.

20. In apparatus of the class described,

a relatively low torque, then automaticallysa to connect said motor with said gear by the starting of the motor, and then to increase the torque of the motor. 7

21. In apparatus of the class described,

in combination, an internal combustion engine, a gear connected with said engine, an electric motor, means adapted upon actuation successively to start said motor with a relatively low torque, then automatically to connect said motor with said gear by the starting of the motor, and then to increase the torque of the motor, and means adapted to retard the action of said last means.

. 22. In apparatus of the class described,

in combination, an internal combustion ellgine, an electric motor, power transmitting members normally out of engagement with each other, means comprising an electric circuit adapted upon said circuit being completed to cause the starting of said motor,

means operated by said motor adapted to place said power transmitting members in operative engagement and thereby connect said motor with said engine, and means adapted upon said engine being started to prevent the completion of said circuit.

23. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engme, a gear connected with said engine, an

electric motor, a member driven by said 1110- tor, av gear mounted upon said member caused to travel longitudinally thereon, as said member rotates, by the rotation thereof into mesh with said first gear, a source of current, a resistance element, means adapted to lead current from said source through sald resistance element to said motor to turn said member initially with relatively low power, and means adapted later to lead current to said motor through less resistance to turn the same with greater force.

24. In apparatus of the class described,

thereof, a source of current, a resistance element, means adapted to lead current from said source through said resistance element to said motor to turn said member initially with relatively low power, means adapted later to lead current to said motor independently of said resistance element, and means adapted to retard the action of said current-controlling means.

25. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engine, a gear connected with said engine, an electric motor, and automatic means adapted upon being set in action to start said motor with relatively low'torque, then automatically connect said motor with said gear, and then automatically increase the power of said motor, said motor connecting means being automatically actuated.

26. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engine, a gear connected with said engine, an electric motor, means adapted to connect said motor with said gear automatically upon said motor being started, a source of current, and means adapted to connect said source with a field winding of said motor and with the armature of said motor in series with a resistance and to complete a shunt about said armature, and then to decrease said resistance.

27. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engine, a gear .connected with said engine, an electric motor, a source of current, means adapted to connect said motor with said gear automatically by the starting of the motor, and'a device adapted upon actuation to lead current from said source through the armature of said motor in series with a resistance and complete a shunt about said armature and said resistance, and upon further movement to decrease said resistance, said shunt passin about the field magnets of the motor.

I 28. apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engine, a gear connected with said engine, an electric motor, means adapted upon said motor being started to connect it with said gear,

a source of current, means adapted to lead current from said source to said motor, and

means'adapted to increase the armature currentof said motor at a greater proportionate rate than that of the increase of field excitation, said means for connecting the motor with the engine being actuated by movement of the motor armature.

29. In apparatus of the class described,

in combination, an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, means adapted to connect said motor with said engine, comprising normally unmeshed gears relatively movable into mesh in a longitudinal direction, a source of current, means adapted to lead current through a resistance to the armature of said motor from said source.

and to the field thereof independently of said resistance, and means adapted to decrease and ultimately short-circuit said resistance, said means for connecting the motor with the engine being actuated by movement of the motor armature.

30. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engine, a motor, a battery, a generator driven from said engine and adapted to charge said battery, gears between said motor and said engine, means adapted to throw said gears into and out of mechanical engagement with each other, a circuit controlling the operation of said motor from said battery, and a device one portion of which is adapted to afi'ect said last circuit and another portion of which is adapted to afl'ect the ignition of said engine.

31. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a battery, an internal combustion engine, a gear upon said engine, a gear normally out of mesh with said gear, an electromagnetic device, means normally displaced from said device and adapted to be attracted by said device as the latter is energized, means adapted to move said second gear into mesh with said first gear as said last means moves in response to said attraction, means adapted to energize said electromagnetic device from said battery and cause said gear to rotate with said engine, and

means adapted to increase the rotative force from said engine during the movement thereof, a storage battery adapted to be charged from said generator, voltage-controlled means for connecting said generator to said battery, a motor having a series winding adapted to receive current from said battery and connected thereto on the battery side of said voltage-controlled means, manually-controlled means for connecting and disconnecting said battery from said motor, and means between said motor and said engine, said means when acted upon by said motor adapted to move one of the gears thereof into mesh and upon being acted on by said engine to move said gear out of mes 33. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engine,

a generator continuously driven from said engine during the movement thereof, a storage battery adapted to be charged from said generator. voltage-controlled means for connecting said generator to said battery, a motor adapted to receive current from said battery and connected thereto on the battery side of said voltage-controlled means. manually-controlled means for connecting and disconnecting said battery from said motor, a pair of normally nnmeshed gears axially offset and respectively connected with said engine and said motor. and a threaded member driven from said motor upon which one of said gears is mounted and is adapted to travel into mesh with the other gear upon said motor being started. whereby energy derived from said motor moves said gear along said shaft in one direction and energy derived from said engine moves said gear along said shaft in the opposite direction.

31L. In apparatus of the class described. in combination, an internal combustion engine, a generator continuously driven from said engine during the movement thereof. a storage battery adapted to be charged from said generator, automatic means for connecting said generator to said battery, a motor adapted to receive current from said battery and connected thereto on the battery side of said automatic means, manually-controlled means for connecting and disconnecting said battery from said motor, a pair of normally umneshed gears respectively connected with said motor in said engine, and

means deriving energy from said motor adapted automatically to mesh said gears, and deriving energy from said engine to unmesh said gears.

33. In apparatus of the class described. in combination, an internal combustion engine, a storage battery, a motor having a series winding. manually controlled means adapted to connect said motor with said battery, a

. threaded member connected with said motor,

a gear connected with said engine. a pinion threaded upon said member and adapted to travel along said member automatically into mesh with said gear as said motor is started and out of mesh therewith as said ngine is started, and means adapted to render gradual the application of energy from said battery to said pinion through said motor.

In apparatus of the class described. in

combination. an internal combustion engine,

a battery, a motor deriving current from said battery, a pair of gears interposed between said motor and said engine, means coat-ting with said motor and engine for antomatically meshing and unmeshing said gears. and means adapted automatically to render greater the excitation of the field of said motor when said gears are thrown into mesh than during the throwing of said gears into mesh.

37. In apparatus of the class described, in

combination, an internal combustion engine, a battery, a motor deriving current from said battery, a pair of gears interposed between said motor and said engine, means adapted automatically to render greater the excitation of the field of said motor when said gears are thrown into mesh than during the throwing of said gears into mesh, and means adapted to render gradual said increase of field excitation.

38. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engine, a battery, a motor deriving current from said battery, a. gear connected with said engine, a threaded shaft driven from said battery, a pinion threaded upon said shaft adapted automatically to move into mesh with said gear as said motor is started and to move out of mesh as said engine is started, means adapted gradually to increase the torque of said pinion, and means adapted to prevent remeshing of said pinion after said engine is started and running.

39. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engine, a battery, a motor having a series winding and deriving current from said battery, a, gear connected with said engine, a threaded shaft driven from said motor, a pinion threaded upon said shaft to travel automatically into mesh with said gear as said motor is started and to move out of mesh as said engine is started, and means adapted to antomatically prevent remeshing of said pinion with said gear by causing it to rotate with said shaft when it is thrown out of mesh after the engine is started.

40. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, an internal combustion engine, a battery, a motor deriving current from said battery and having a series winding, 3. gear connected with said engine, a threaded shaft driven from said motor, a pinion threaded upon said shaft to travel automati cally into mesh with said gear as said motor is started and to move out of mesh as said engine is started, and means adapted to retard said pinion upon said shaft to cause it to enter into mesh with said gear and adapted to prevent reentry thereof into mesh after said pinion on the shaft upon which it is 130 I threaded and prevent said pinion from reentering into mesh, and means adapted gradually to increase the energy applied to said pinion from said battery through said motor.

42. In apparatus of the class described,

' combination, an internal combustion engine,

' said battery, a motor having a series field winding, a gear connected with said engine, 'a pinion, a threaded shaft driven from said motor and having said pinion threaded thereon and adapted to travel into mesh with said gear as sald motor is started, manually controlled connections leading from said 'battery to said motor and connected with said battery on the battery side of said voltage controlled means and means adapted to prevent said pinion from rentering into mesh after said engine is started and running.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature, in the presence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH BIJUR. Witnesses:

HELEN M. SEAMANB, 1 J. THOMSON. 

